68k/Z80 communication

Communication between the CPU and the  CPU is done through 2 byte-wide registers.

There is no shared memory zone like in the Sega Genesis/Megadrive.

=68k to Z80 (request)=

Writes to the Z80 are done through. Any byte can be sent, the meaning of it is only determined by the way the Z80 code handles it (except for 3 special cases, as seen below).

When a byte is sent, the corresponding value is latched in ( in CD systems ?), and an NMI is triggered in the Z80 if enabled. The value can then be read on the Z80's side with port $00.

(What chip is used on first gen chipset ?)

=Z80 to 68k (reply)=

The Z80's port $0C is used to reply to the 68k. The value is also buffered in the same chip, but no interrupt is generated. The value can be read on the 68k's side by using the same register,.

Many sound drivers acknowledge sound commands by echoing them back with bit 7 set to 1 when they are processed.

=Special commands= Commands $01, $02 and $03 are always expected to be implemented in the Z80 code, as they are used by the system ROM for initialization purposes. During the MVS power up self-tests, if the Z80 doesn't reply to command $01 in time, the "Z80 ERROR" message is displayed and the system locks up.

Command $01: Prepare switch
It is sent by the system ROM just before the slot is switched. As the has to be swapped, all sounds need to be stopped, interrupts need to be enabled, $01 needs to be sent back to the 68k and the Z80 has to wait in a loop in RAM. After receiving the reply, the system ROM can then switch slots without crashing the Z80.

Command $02: Play eyecatcher music
It is used in cartridge systems to play the eyecatcher music. See boot music. No reply is expected.

Command $03: Reset
It is used to ask for a soft reset of the Z80, which needs to be done under 100ms as per SNK's recommendation. No reply is expected.

=Minimal command handlers= These are sufficient handlers for both init commands:

Command01_Handler: di			; Disable interrupts xor a        out  ($0C),a            ; Clear both buffers out ($00),a ; Silence YM2610 here ld  sp,$FFFC           ; Reset SP        ld   hl,stayinram push hl       retn                    ; RETN to stayinram

stayinram: ld  hl,$FFFD ld  (hl),$C3	        ; (FFFD)=$C3, opcode for JP        ld   ($FFFE),hl	        ; (FFFE)=$FFFD (makes "JP FFFD") ei       ld   a,$01 out ($0C),a            ; Tell 68k that we're ready jp  $FFFD              ; Quickly jump to RAM loop

Command03_Handler: di			; Disable interrupts ld  sp,$FFFF		; Clear call stack ld  hl,0 push hl	retn			; RETN to 0