Fading colors

Palette fades

Palettes can be faded to white or black by respectively incrementing or decrementing each color component of each color individually. Of course, care has to be taken so that each value stops at $1F or 0.

Fading to a specific color can also be done this way, by comparing each actual components to the target ones and incrementing/decrementing them accordingly (see example code).

Simulated fades

File:Sengoku3fade.png

Fix fade to white in Sengoku 3's intro

Fix wipe in Metal Slug 3

Since it has the highest priority on the screen, the fix layer can be used to fade the underlaying display by using pre-dithered tiles. This can only be used if the fix doesn't have to show important information.

This is also used in Metal Slug 3 as transitions between levels sections.

This method is quite popular, as fading the full 256 palettes range of the system can be quite CPU intensive, plus vBlank is too short to rewrite all palettes anyway.

Color handling code

If not using pre-calculated palette tables for fades, each color component of each color needs to be modified.

NG2RGB:
;D3:NG Palette word -> D2:RGB555 word (ignores common bit)
    clr.l   d2
    ;Red
    move.w  d3,d0                ;DrvbRRRRVVVVBBBB
    andi.w  #$0F00,d0            ;____RRRR________
    lsl.w   #3,d0                ;_RRRR___________
    or.w    d0,d2
    move.w  d3,d0
    andi.w  #$4000,d0            ;_r______________
    lsr.w   #4,d0                ;_____r__________
    or.w    d0,d2                ;_RRRRr__________

    ;Green
    move.w  d3,d0                ;DrvbRRRRVVVVBBBB
    andi.w  #$00F0,d0            ;________VVVV____
    lsl.w   #2,d0                ;______VVVV______
    or.w    d0,d2                __RRRRrVVVV______
    move.w  d3,d0
    andi.w  #$2000,d0            ;__v_____________
    lsr.w   #8,d0                ;__________v_____
    or.w    d0,d2                ;_RRRRrVVVVv_____

    ;Blue
    move.w  d3,d0                ;DrvbRRRRVVVVBBBB
    andi.w  #$000F,d0            ;____________BBBB
    lsl.b   #1,d0                ;___________BBBB_
    or.w    d0,d2                ;_RRRRrVVVVvBBBB_
    move.w  d3,d0
    andi.w  #$1000,d0            ;___b____________
    rol.w   #4,d0                ;_______________b
    or.w    d0,d2                ;_RRRRrVVVVvBBBBb
    rts

RGB2NG:
;D4:RGB555 word -> D2:NG Palette word (ignores common bit)
    clr.l   d2
    ;Red
    move.w  d4,d0                ;_RRRRrVVVVvBBBBb
    andi.w  #$7800,d0            ;_RRRR___________
    lsr.w   #3,d0                ;____RRRR________
    or.w    d0,d2                ;____RRRR________
    move.w  d4,d0
    andi.w  #$0400,d0            ;_____r__________
    lsl.w   #4,d0                ;_r______________
    or.w    d0,d2                ;_r__RRRR________

    ;Green
    move.w  d4,d0
    move.w  d4,d1                ;_RRRRrVVVVvBBBBb
    andi.w  #$03C0,d0            ;______VVVV______
    lsr.w   #2,d0                ;________VVVV____
    or.w    d0,d2                ;_r__RRRRVVVV____
    move.w  d4,d0
    andi.w  #$0020,d0            ;__________v_____
    lsl.w   #8,d0                ;__v_____________
    or.w    d0,d2                ;_rv_RRRRVVVV____

    ;Blue
    move.w  d4,d0
    move.w  d4,d1                ;_RRRRrVVVVvBBBBb
    andi.w  #$001E,d0            ;___________BBBB_
    lsr.b   #1,d0                ;____________BBBB
    or.w    d0,d2                ;_rv_RRRRVVVVBBBB
    move.w  d4,d0
    andi.w  #$0001,d0            ;_______________b
    ror.w   #4,d0                ;___b____________
    or.w    d0,d2                ;_rvbRRRRVVVVBBBB
    rts

RGB components can then be compared with a target palette in RAM and adjusted until they match, for example:

;Compares 555 RGB red in D0 with D1
    andi.w  #$7C00,d0
    andi.w  #$7C00,d1
    cmp.w   d1,d0
    blo     .lower
    bhi     .higher
    bra     .same
.lower:
    addi.w  #$0400,d4
    bra     .same
.higher:
    subi.w  #$0400,d4
.same: